Ireland

Juerg von Geitz v. Kieran Kelly & Ors

Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CA Ireland. Fabricated: Case Law | The appellant's written submissions contained 'a few non-existent cases' and multiple wrong citations; the Court described these as hallucinations possibly generated by AI.

Juerg von Geitz v. Kieran Kelly & Ors

Fabricated: Case Law | The appellant's written submissions contained 'a few non-existent cases' and multiple wrong citations; the Court described these as hallucinations possibly generated by AI. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Appellant miscited Sheehan v. Talos Capital Ltd. as '[2023] IEHC 454' (the Court treated the citation as wrong and took the ground to refer to Sheehan v. Talos Capital Ltd. [2021] IECA 316).

Juerg von Geitz v. Kieran Kelly & Ors

Digital Ireland strategy released

The Government’s updated National Digital & AI Strategy, Digital Ireland – Connecting our People, Securing our Future , sets out the Government’s ambition and vision to 2030 to ensure Ireland remains a digital leader in an increasingly competitive global environment.

Data Protection Commission investigates X over alleged generation and publication of non-consensual sexualised images by Grok AI

The Data Protection Commission (DPC) has today announced that it has opened an inquiry into X Internet Unlimited Company (XIUC) under section 110 of the Data Protection Act 2018.

General Scheme of the Regulation of Artificial Intelligence Bill introduced

This document outlines the heads of the General Scheme of the Regulation of Artificial Intelligence Bill 2026.

Harassment, Harmful Communications and Related Offences (Amendment) Bill 2026 introduced

Bill entitled an Act to amend the Harassment, Harmful Communications and Related Offences Bill 2020 to prohibit the creation of non-consensual intimate or harmful imagery; and to increase the timeframe under which summary proceedings for an offence may be instituted.

Online Safety (Recommender Algorithms) Bill 2026

On 22 January 2026, the Online Safety (Recommender Algorithms) Bill 2026 (Bill No. 7 of 2026) including recommender algorithm regulation was introduced to the lower house of Parliament. The Bill seeks to amend the Online Safety and Media Regulation Act 2022 to restrict the use of recommender systems by video-sharing platform services operating in Ireland. The Bill would prohibit video-sharing platform services from deploying recommender systems where the service provider is aware that the rec...

X lawsuit against Online Safety Code obligations

On 20 January 2026, the High Court of Ireland granted a certificate to appeal in the lawsuit X Internet Unlimited Company v Media Commission ([2026] IEHC 28) under Section 38(6) of the Broadcasting Act 2009, holding that the case raised points of law of exceptional public importance and that it was desirable in the public interest for an appeal to be taken to the Court of Appeal. The certified points concerned whether sections 12.1, 12.6 to 12.9, and 13.6 to 13.9 of the Online Safety Code wer...

AI Minister to seek legal advice on Government response to Grok app

Elon Musk ’s X platform must be held accountable for complicity in facilitating and distributing illegal images via the Grok AI app, Minister of State for Artificial Intelligence Niamh Smyth has said.

Communications Minister claims users, not X, responsible for generating explicit images with Grok AI

Communications minister Patrick O’Donovan said technological advancements around AI are moving faster than laws can respond, and that some sharing of images is covered under Coco’s Law

ICCL and DRI call on Gardai to investigate X for Grok AI's deepfake abuse

Irish law prohibits the facilitation of child sexual abuse material production. An Garda Síochána must urgently investigate and prosecute.

Parliament Joint Committee inquiry into Artificial Intelligence

On 16 December 2025, the parliamentary Joint Committee on Artificial Intelligence published its first interim report, which includes 85 recommendations. The Joint Committee's recommendations cover measures to institutionalise AI governing bodies, including establishing the Joint Committee itself on a permanent basis, ensuring the full independence of the national AI Office, developing a national AI register, permanently establishing the AI Advisory Council, and founding an AI Observatory. The...

Irish parliamentary committee on AI publishes first interim report with 85 recommendations

The Joint Committee on Artificial Intelligence today published its First Interim Report. The Committee was formed to examine and make recommendations on Ireland’s approach to the development, deployment, regulation, and ethical considerations of artificial intelligence (AI), and on the means of ensuring that the approach supports economic growth, innovation, public trust, and societal benefit while safeguarding rights and mitigating risks.

Coimisiun na Mean investigation into X over alleged non-compliance with Article 20 of the EU Digital Services Act

On 12 November 2025, the Coimisiún na Meán (Media Commission) opened a formal investigation into the provider of the X online platform (X) under the EU Digital Services Act (DSA) to assess possible contravention of Article 20, based on concerns from its Platform Supervision Team supported by information from HateAid and a user complaint. The investigation will examine whether people can appeal X’s decisions not to remove content reported for potential breach of terms of service, whether peopl...

Data Protection Commission investigations into TikTok for alleged violations of GDPR data transfer provisions

On 13 November 2025, the High Court granted TikTok's application to stay the data transfer suspension order and corrective order issued by the Irish Data Protection Commission (DPC), pending TikTok's appeal of the DPC's decision. TikTok's application to stay the orders follows the DPC's decision on 2 May 2025 to fine TikTok EUR 530 million and order TikTok to suspend its personal data transfers from the European Economic Area (EEA) to China. TikTok lodged an appeal against the decision on 27 ...

DPC statement on LinkedIn AI training

The DPC has been engaging consistently with many of the companies at the forefront of AI development, with a focus on ensuring the responsible development and deployment of the technology for users across the EU/EEA

Data Protection Commission investigation into X's data processing practices for training generative AI model Grok compliance with GDPR

Official source record dated 4 November 2025 for Ireland concerning Data Protection Commission investigation into X's data processing practices for training generative AI model Grok compliance with GDPR. See the linked dataprotection.ie source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.

Data Protection Commission investigation into TikTok's transfer of personal data of users in European Economic Area to servers in China

On 10 July 2025, Ireland’s Data Protection Commission (DPC) announced the launch of an investigation into TikTok's transfers of European Economic Area (EEA) users’ personal data to servers located in China. The investigation applies to TikTok’s processing and transfer of EEA users’ personal data. The investigation followed TikTok’s admission that limited EEA user data had been stored in China contrary to assurances in DPA's previous inquiry that EEA user data were stored on servers located ou...

Fernando Oliveira v Ryanair DAC

Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the Workplace Relations Commission. Misrepresented: Case Law | Complainant cited ADJ-00021453 as awarding €18,000 for procedural breaches; Respondent noted the referenced file related to industrial relations/wages and was dismissed as the complainant did not appear. Outcome: Conduct described as abuse of process.

Fernando Oliveira v Ryanair DAC

Misrepresented: Case Law | Complainant cited ADJ-00021453 as awarding €18,000 for procedural breaches; Respondent noted the referenced file related to industrial relations/wages and was dismissed as the complainant did not appear. || Fabricated: Case Law | Complainant relied on ADJ-00040112 for career-stagnation awards; Respondent identified ADJ-00040112 as a phantom/non-existent determination. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Complainant cited ADJ-00035678 as awarding €8,000 for unlawful deductions; Respondent indicated the matter was an industrial relations complaint and not a precedent for unlawful deductions as claimed. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Complainant cited ADJ-00029543 as supporting an award for harassment; Respondent observed the referenced matter concerned alleged religious harassment where harassment was not established and no award was made. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Complainant cited ADJ-00026789 as a precedent awarding €10,000 for discriminatory searches; Respondent noted that decision did not reference targeted searches nor make such an award. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Complainant relied on DEC-E2016-105 claiming a €15,000 award for racial harassment; Respondent/Adjudicator noted the decision was dismissed for want of jurisdiction and outcome was misrepresented. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Complainant cited ADJ-00028765 as a precedent awarding €12,000 for coordinated false complaints; Respondent noted the referenced matter was a constructive dismissal claim that was dismissed. || Fabricated: Case Law | Complainant relied on ADJ-00039821 as precedent for disciplining based on anonymous reports; Respondent identified ADJ-00039821 as a phantom/non-existent determination. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Complainant cited ADJ-00030217 as authority overturning warnings; Respondent noted the decision related to penalisation and contained no finding concerning 'warning' or overturning sanctions, so the citation was misapplied.

Fernando Oliveira v Ryanair DAC

Polish Data Protection Commissioner and Ireland Data Protection Commission's collaboration to combat deepfake fraud in online platforms

On 24 September 2025, the Polish Data Protection Commissioner (UODO) issued a statement on the cooperation with the Irish Data Protection Commission on enhancing personal data protection in social media platforms. The statement highlighted engagement with social media platforms to increase protection against false advertising, particularly scams that misuse images of public figures or users, often with deepfake technology, to extort personal data or money. The authorities encouraged social me...

Data protection authorities adopted joint statement on building trustworthy data governance frameworks to encourage development of innovative and privacy-protecting AI

Primary source (pcpd.org.hk) dated 17 September 2025 in IE. See linked source for full text.

Government order on designation of National Competent Authorities under European Union Artificial Intelligence Act (EU AI Act)

On 16 September 2025, Ireland designated additional authorities under the European Union Artificial Intelligence Act (EU AI Act) to bring the total number of designated National Competent Authorities to 15. These included the Media Commission, the Commission for Regulation of Utilities, the Health Service Executive, the Minister for Enterprise, Tourism and Employment, the Minister for Transport, the National Transport Authority, and the Workplace Relations Commission. A national Single Point ...

Ireland designates national competent authorities under EU AI Act and confirms new national AI office

Ireland has taken a major leap forward in the rollout of the EU Artificial Intelligence (AI) Act, becoming one of the first six Member States to reach the critical milestone of designating the competent authorities which will be responsible for enforcement of the Act.

National Artificial Intelligence Bill establishing National AI Office

On 14 July 2025, the National Artificial Intelligence Bill was introduced to Leinster House to establish the National Artificial Intelligence Office as a dedicated State body responsible for overseeing, enforcing, and supporting the ethical, transparent, and innovative use of artificial intelligence (AI) in Ireland. The proposed Office is mandated to provide independent oversight of high-risk AI systems, facilitate the adoption and deployment of AI technologies across both the public sector a...

National AI Bill introduced to establish National AI Office

Deputy Naoise Ó Cearúil introduces Bill to establish National Artificial Intelligence Office

National Cyber Security Centre NIS2 Risk Management Measures Guidance

On 24 June 2025, the National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) of Ireland published the NIS 2 Risk Management Measures (RMMs) draft guidance. The measures derive from the National Cybersecurity Bill, giving effect to the NIS 2 Directive. The guidelines apply to a variety of providers, registries, platforms, and services, termed “essential and important entities”. Under the guidelines, organisations must register with the NCSC, receive oversight from their individual management boards for accounta...

Malone & Anor v Laois County Council & Ors

Pro Se Litigant appeared before the High Court. False Quotes: Case Law | Mr Malone’s submissions presented a passage as a verbatim quote about national courts being 'decentralised courts' from §68 of Case C-416/10; the Court could find no such text and Malone later replaced it with a different quote from C-234/17 (Celmer). Outcome: Warning.

Malone & Anor v Laois County Council & Ors

False Quotes: Case Law | Mr Malone’s submissions presented a passage as a verbatim quote about national courts being 'decentralised courts' from §68 of Case C-416/10; the Court could find no such text and Malone later replaced it with a different quote from C-234/17 (Celmer). || Fabricated: Legal Norm | Applicants cited 'Article 178 TEU' as a basis for obligations; TEU contains no such article. || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Applicants relied on Article 17 TEU to ground obligations; Court noted its relevance was not apparent as Article 17 TEU concerns the EU Commission’s institutional role. || Misrepresented: Exhibits & Submissions | Affidavit alleged breaches of 'Condition 7 of PL06/24' and 'Condition 4 of PL22/751' regarding bunding; Court found those condition numbers do not address bunding (the appealed permissions had different condition numbering; PL22/751 uses Condition 5).

Malone & Anor v Laois County Council & Ors

Media Commission investigation into X's compliance with Online Safety Code age verification requirements

On 17 June 2025, the Media Commission issued a statutory Information Notice to X Internet Unlimited Company under Section 139O of the Broadcasting Act. The notice compels X to provide information regarding its compliance with the Online Safety Code because the information provided by X so far was not sufficient to assess whether X’s current measures are sufficient to protect children using the service. X is obliged to respond by 22 July 2025. Failure to comply with the Notice can result in cr...

Ireland DPC issues statement about Meta AI

Over the past two years, the Data Protection Commission (DPC) has been engaging intensively with many of the leading technology companies at the forefront of AI developments in particular concerning the use of adult's personal data to train Large Language Models in the EU/EEA. Whilst acknowledging that aspects of the application of GDPR to this fast changing technology remains complex, through our regulatory engagement the DPC has ensured that companies understand what is required in order to reduce high risks and harms to individuals. This has resulted in a number of companies implementing im

Notes released under Freedom of Information laws reveal Government ministers met with Meta in relation to EU AI laws

Tánaiste Simon Harris and Finance Minister Paschal Donohoe told social media giant Meta that a high-ranking official in the Department of Enterprise would be made available to “act as a central contact point” on issues around digital advertising regulations after the company flagged concerns.

Irish Data Protection Commission source on Grok-related data-protection oversight

Official source record dated 11 April 2025 for Ireland concerning Irish Data Protection Commission investigates Grok AI. See the linked dataprotection.ie source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.

Competition and Consumer Protection Commission Order for imposing a levy on consumer online platform providers under Digital Services Act

On 4 March 2025, the Competition and Consumer Protection Commission (CCPC) closes its consultation on a proposed Levy Order that would impose a regulatory fee to fund its role as the authority for regulating online consumer platforms. The proposed levy fee would apply to consumer online platform providers based in Ireland that enable consumers to conclude distance contracts with traders, with the exception of micro and small enterprises. The CCPC's activities include trader traceability, comp...

Teachers seek indemnity from legal actions over students’ improper AI use in Leaving Cert

Secondary teachers are seeking an indemnity against any legal actions arising from students losing Leaving Cert marks over the improper use of artificial intelligence (AI) in their project work.

Reddan & An Bord Pleanála v. Trustees of Nenagh Golf Club

Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the . Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Applicant claimed Regulation 23 required the landing area to be outlined in red and neighbouring properties/contours shown; court held Reg 23 imposes no such obligation and the application concerned only the roofed bays. Outcome: Application for Judicial Review Denied; Express Judicial Rebuke for Misuse of AI.