The algorithm in the room: Seeing and confronting the implications of AI for the future of education

Examines how AI could change educational agency, oversight and public accountability. The collected essays address governance of education as a common good and challenge assumptions about who controls algorithmic systems shaping learning and assessment.

Official materialEducation ·Research & DevelopmentOfficial source · unesdoc.unesco.org ↗

03 DEC 2025 · Report

Guidelines for the use of AI systems in courts and tribunals

Provides principles and practical safeguards for judicial institutions using AI. It addresses transparency, human oversight and rights protection, framing AI as support for judicial work while preserving human responsibility and the integrity of justice.

Official materialJudicial & Law Enforcement ·Research & DevelopmentOfficial source · unesdoc.unesco.org ↗

04 SEP 2025 · Report

AI and education: Protecting the rights of learners

Examines digital and AI-enabled education through the right to education and related human rights. It calls for data protection, inclusive access, transparent governance and accountability safeguards so technological adoption does not deepen existing disadvantage.

Official materialHuman Rights ·Research & DevelopmentOfficial source · unesdoc.unesco.org ↗

02 SEP 2025 · Report

AI and the future of education: Disruptions, dilemmas and directions

Brings together analyses of ethical, philosophical and educational dilemmas raised by AI. The anthology considers inequalities in access and representation, human agency and policy choices for governing education in the public interest.

Official materialEducation ·Research & DevelopmentOfficial source · unesdoc.unesco.org ↗

22 OCT 2024 · Report

Needs assessment for artificial intelligence, digital transformation and open data for Small Island Developing States

Assesses AI and data-governance capacity in Small Island Developing States. It identifies policy, legal and institutional gaps and links recommendations for digital transformation to inclusive participation, responsible AI use and public-sector capability.

Official materialInternational Cooperation ·Research & DevelopmentOfficial source · unesdoc.unesco.org ↗

08 AUG 2024 · Report

AI competency framework for teachers

Defines teacher competencies for responsible AI use, including ethics, human agency and rights protection. It provides a basis for education policy and professional development that addresses both AI capabilities and the risks of misuse in teaching.

Official materialEducation ·Research & DevelopmentOfficial source · unesdoc.unesco.org ↗

08 AUG 2024 · Report

AI competency framework for students

Provides a framework for preparing students to use and design AI responsibly. Its competencies combine technical understanding with human-centred judgement and AI ethics, supporting curriculum policy that makes informed participation and accountability part of AI literacy.

Official materialEducation ·Research & DevelopmentOfficial source · unesdoc.unesco.org ↗

17 JUN 2024 · Report

AI and the Holocaust: Rewriting history? The impact of artificial intelligence on understanding the Holocaust

Assesses risks that AI-generated falsehoods, deepfakes and algorithmic bias pose to reliable Holocaust knowledge. It identifies responsibilities for platforms, developers, policymakers and educators, including human-rights assessment and safeguards against historical distortion.

Official materialHuman Rights ·Research & DevelopmentOfficial source · unesdoc.unesco.org ↗

07 SEP 2023 · Report

Guidance for generative AI in education and research

Sets out a human-centred approach to governing generative AI in education and research. It addresses privacy, age-appropriate access, institutional validation and policy coordination, with safeguards intended to preserve learner agency and educational inclusion.

Official materialGenerative AI ·Research & DevelopmentOfficial source · unesdoc.unesco.org ↗

05 JUL 2023 · Report

Open data for AI: What now?

Provides phased guidance for governments preparing, opening and maintaining data for AI. It connects practical data stewardship with the UNESCO AI Ethics Recommendation, addressing openness, interoperability and transparent access to publicly useful data.

Official materialData Privacy & Protection ·Research & DevelopmentOfficial source · unesdoc.unesco.org ↗

12 JUN 2023 · Report

Reporting on Artificial Intelligence: A Handbook for Journalism Educators

Equips journalism educators to teach critical scrutiny of AI systems and the institutions deploying them. It covers policy frameworks, malicious uses and responsible reporting, connecting public accountability with human-rights risks and the limits of industry-led narratives.

Official materialMedia ·Research & DevelopmentOfficial source · unesdoc.unesco.org ↗

18 APR 2023 · Report

Missing links in AI governance

Collects analyses of gaps in AI governance, including independent auditing, concentration of decision-making power, participation and the rights of underrepresented communities. The volume examines why high-level principles need institutions and practical mechanisms to become effective safeguards.

Official materialAccountability ·Research & DevelopmentOfficial source · unesdoc.unesco.org ↗

15 DEC 2022 · Report

K-12 AI curricula: A mapping of government-endorsed AI curricula

Maps government-endorsed school AI curricula and the mechanisms used to develop and validate them. It identifies gaps in ethical learning objectives, teacher preparation and public oversight of privately supplied curricula, supporting policy for accountable AI literacy.

Official materialEducation ·Research & DevelopmentOfficial source · unesdoc.unesco.org ↗

24 NOV 2021 · National Strategy

Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence

UNESCO's global standard on AI ethics, adopted by 193 member states, covering transparency, accountability, and human rights

Official materialNational StrategyOfficial source · unesco.org ↗

05 JUL 2021 · Report

Artificial intelligence needs assessment survey in Africa

Reports African states' priorities and capacity gaps for governing AI. It examines legal frameworks, institutional readiness, policy coordination and ethical expertise, identifying opportunities for regional cooperation and targeted support for public authorities.

Official materialInternational Cooperation ·Research & DevelopmentOfficial source · unesdoc.unesco.org ↗

11 JAN 2021 · Report

AI and education: Guidance for policy-makers

Explains educational AI applications and the policy choices surrounding their benefits and risks. It addresses learner data, inclusion, equity and ethical use, helping policymakers connect AI strategies with public educational objectives and safeguards.

Official materialEducation ·Research & DevelopmentOfficial source · unesdoc.unesco.org ↗

18 SEP 2019 · Report

Steering AI and Advanced ICTs for Knowledge Societies: A Rights, Openness, Access, and Multi-stakeholder Perspective

Applies UNESCO's rights, openness, access and participation framework to AI governance. It examines freedom of expression, privacy, discrimination and unequal access, and identifies policy options for governments, companies and civil society.

Official materialHuman Rights ·Research & DevelopmentOfficial source · unesdoc.unesco.org ↗

Report

Red Teaming Artificial Intelligence for Social Good: The Playbook

Offers a practical process for collaborative testing of generative-AI harms, particularly gender bias and technology-facilitated abuse. It supports organisations and civil society in turning observed failures into evidence for safeguards, standards and public policy.

Official materialBias & Discrimination ·Research & DevelopmentOfficial source · unesdoc.unesco.org ↗

Report

Your opinion doesn't matter, anyway: Exposing Technology-Facilitated Gender-Based Violence in an Era of Generative AI

Investigates how generative AI can intensify gender-based abuse through harmful outputs and weaknesses in protective controls. It examines corporate practices and proposes actions for companies, governments and independent researchers to anticipate and reduce those harms.

Official materialBias & Discrimination ·Research & DevelopmentOfficial source · unesdoc.unesco.org ↗

Report

Challenging Systematic Prejudices: An Investigation into Gender Bias in Large Language Models

Tests gender and related social biases in major language models and links the findings to policy intervention. It recommends transparent data practices, oversight, impact assessment and continuing bias evaluation across both model development and application contexts.

Official materialBias & Discrimination ·Research & DevelopmentOfficial source · unesdoc.unesco.org ↗

Report

Global toolkit on AI and the rule of law for the judiciary

Provides judicial actors with tools to assess AI's legal and human-rights implications. It connects AI applications in justice with fairness, accountability and international human-rights standards, including gender bias and context-specific implementation challenges.

Official materialJudicial & Law Enforcement ·Research & DevelopmentOfficial source · unesdoc.unesco.org ↗

Report

Smarter, Smaller, Stronger: Resource-Efficient Generative AI & the Future of Digital Transformation

Combines evidence on AI resource use with policy options for more sustainable deployment. It recommends efficiency incentives, environmental transparency, procurement criteria and AI literacy, connecting technical design choices to equitable access and environmental governance.

Official materialEnvironmental ·Research & DevelopmentOfficial source · unesdoc.unesco.org ↗

Report

AI and the future of journalism: An issue brief for stakeholders

Examines generative AI's implications for journalism, including content licensing, market concentration, authenticity and audience data. It discusses disclosure practices and policy responses that protect information diversity and sustain independent news production.

Official materialMedia ·Research & DevelopmentOfficial source · unesdoc.unesco.org ↗

Report

Synthetic content and its implications for AI policy: A primer

Distinguishes forms of AI-generated content and examines risks involving authenticity, privacy, discrimination and public trust. It sets out policy questions around watermarking, content moderation, consent, redress and liability, linking technical responses to human-rights safeguards.

Official materialGenerative AI ·Research & DevelopmentOfficial source · unesdoc.unesco.org ↗