California Executive Order N-9-26 on independent AI oversight

Directs accelerated implementation of independent AI verification and auditor requirements, and requests recommendations on further frontier-model safeguards. The proposed emergency shutoff is a subject for recommendations, not a new blanket requirement imposed by this order.

Primary legal sourceNational StrategyOfficial source · gov.ca.gov ↗

04 JUN 2026 · Working Paper

California SB-1119 Companion chatbots: children’s safety.

Regulates companion chatbots, particularly concerning children's safety. Requires operators to verify user age or apply child protections to all users. Obligates operators to conduct annual risk assessments and publish a child safety policy. Mandates crisis response protocols, including notifications to parents if a risk to a child is detected. Specifies default protective settings, such as limiting interaction times and disabling late-night notifications. Prohibits the chatbot from enco...

Official materialNational StrategyOfficial source · leginfo.legislature.ca.gov ↗

29 MAR 2026 · National Strategy

California AB 316 (Vehicles: autonomous vehicles)

Amends California's Vehicle Code to regulate the development and deployment of autonomous vehicles. Defines "autonomous vehicle" as those meeting SAE Levels 3, 4, or 5. Requires the Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) to adopt regulations for insurance and application approval processes for operating autonomous vehicles. Stipulates a $5 million insurance requirement for testing. Mandates human safety operators for autonomous vehicles over 10,001 pounds for testing, goods transport, or passe...

Official materialNational StrategyOfficial source · leginfo.legislature.ca.gov ↗

17 MAR 2026 · Law / Act

California SB 295 (California Preventing Algorithmic Collusion Act of 2025)

Enacts the California Preventing Algorithmic Collusion Act of 2025, prohibiting the distribution or use of pricing algorithms by two or more competitors if the algorithms process competitor data to set prices or commercial terms. Requires individuals or entities to exercise reasonable due diligence before using such algorithms, including obtaining written assurances regarding competitor data. Considers each authorized use, recommendation, or calendar month of algorithm use as separate viola...

Primary legal sourceNational StrategyOfficial source · leginfo.legislature.ca.gov ↗

03 FEB 2026 · National Strategy

California SB 7 (Employment: Automated Decision Systems 2025)

Requires employers in California to notify workers and their authorized representatives if an Automated Decision System (ADS) is used for employment-related decisions, excluding hiring, providing notice 30 days in advance and maintaining an updated ADS list. Prohibits employers from using ADS to violate labor laws, infer protected status, or take actions against workers exercising their rights. Mandates human review and additional information for discipline, termination, or deactivation dec...

Official materialNational StrategyOfficial source · leginfo.legislature.ca.gov ↗

03 FEB 2026 · National Strategy

California SB 11 (Artificial intelligence technology)

Adds requirements for AI technology providers enabling digital replicas to issue a consumer warning about potential legal liabilities for unauthorized depictions, effective by December 1, 2026. Instructs that warnings be hyperlinked on AI interfaces and included in terms of service, with penalties up to $10,000 per day for non-compliance. Exempts video game replicas used solely in gameplay from this requirement. Amends the Civil Code to impose liability for unauthorized use of another’s li...

Official materialNational StrategyOfficial source · leginfo.legislature.ca.gov ↗

26 JAN 2026 · Working Paper

California SB-300 (Companion chatbots).

Amends the Business and Professions Code to require operators to notify users when interacting with companion chatbots that are artificially generated. Requires operators to maintain protocols to prevent chatbots from producing content related to suicidal ideation, suicide, or self-harm, including notifications referring users to crisis service providers. Obligates operators to publish details of these protocols on their websites. Instructs operators to notify minors interacting with chatb...

Official materialNational StrategyOfficial source · leginfo.legislature.ca.gov ↗

22 JAN 2026 · National Strategy

California AB 512 (Health Care Coverage: Prior Authorization 2025)

Restricts the use of artificial intelligence and algorithms in health care service plans and disability insurers for utilization review or management functions based on medical necessity. Requires that AI tools do not replace health care provider decision-making, discriminate, or rely solely on group datasets. Ensures AI tools base determinations on enrollee's personal and clinical data and comply with state, federal laws. Mandates periodic reviews of AI tools' performance and prohibits th...

Official materialNational StrategyOfficial source · leginfo.legislature.ca.gov ↗

01 JAN 2026 · Law / Act

2026 Chatbot Legislation — California SB 300 [URL: https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB300]

2026 chatbot legislation — Passed Chamber

Primary legal sourceGenerative AI ·Data Privacy & ProtectionOfficial source · leginfo.legislature.ca.gov ↗

01 JAN 2026 · Law / Act

2026 Chatbot Legislation — California SB 243 [URL: https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB243]

2026 chatbot legislation — Signed by Governor

Primary legal sourceGenerative AI ·Data Privacy & ProtectionOfficial source · leginfo.legislature.ca.gov ↗

01 JAN 2026 · Law / Act

California AB 1018

California legislation addressing AI systems with obligations for deployers, developers, and distributors. This legislation has been signed into law.

Primary legal sourceGenerative AI ·Data Privacy & ProtectionOfficial source · leginfo.legislature.ca.gov ↗

01 JAN 2026 · Law / Act

California SB 420

California legislation addressing AI systems with obligations for deployers, developers, and distributors. This legislation has been signed into law.

Primary legal sourceGenerative AI ·Data Privacy & ProtectionOfficial source · leginfo.legislature.ca.gov ↗

13 OCT 2025 · Law / Act

SB-243 Companion chatbots

Defines "companion chatbot" and requires operators to notify users when they interact with AI. Requires protocols to prevent the production of harmful content. Mandates annual reports on crisis notifications. Offers civil remedies for violations. Ensures suitability disclosures for minors.

Primary legal sourceFinancial Services ·Education ·Health & Life Sciences ·+3Official source · leginfo.legislature.ca.gov ↗

10 OCT 2025 · Law / Act

California AB 723 (Real Estate: Digitally Altered Images: Disclosure 2025)

Add Section 10140.8 to the California Business and Professions Code to require real estate brokers or salespersons to disclose when images in advertisements are digitally altered. Define "digitally altered image" as one altered through photo editing software or AI, affecting elements like fixtures, furniture, or views. Exclude from this definition alterations that use common photo editing adjustments such as lighting or cropping that do not alter property representations. Require advertise...

Primary legal sourceNational StrategyOfficial source · leginfo.legislature.ca.gov ↗

10 OCT 2025 · Law / Act

California SB 524 (Law enforcement agencies: artificial intelligence.)

Requires each law enforcement agency to maintain a policy ensuring that AI-generated official reports include identification of AI programs used and a statement indicating AI involvement. Mandates these reports contain an officer's signature verifying the report's accuracy. Necessitates retention of the first AI-created draft for the same duration as the official report, and states it doesn’t constitute an officer's statement. Commands agencies to maintain an audit trail identifying users ...

Primary legal sourceNational StrategyOfficial source · leginfo.legislature.ca.gov ↗

09 OCT 2025 · National Strategy

California SB 503 (Health Care Services: Artificial Intelligence 2025)

Add Section 1339.76 to the Health and Safety Code. Require developers and deployers to identify and mitigate artificial intelligence systems with biased impacts in clinical decision-making or health care resource allocation. Instruct deployers to monitor these AI systems regularly and take steps to reduce bias. Specify no requirement for the department to independently inspect AI systems; developers and deployers ensure compliance and maintain documentation. Obligate developers, starting ...

Official materialNational StrategyOfficial source · leginfo.legislature.ca.gov ↗

06 OCT 2025 · Law / Act

California SB 480 (Autonomous vehicles 2025)

Amends the Vehicle Code to establish regulations for autonomous vehicles and their technology. Defines "autonomous technology" and "autonomous vehicle" following SAE International standards, distinguishing them from vehicles with basic driver-assistance features. Permits the operation of autonomous vehicles on public roads for testing by designated individuals if specific conditions are met, including possessing the proper driver's license and insurance. Requires manufacturers to submit an...

Primary legal sourceNational StrategyOfficial source · leginfo.legislature.ca.gov ↗

03 OCT 2025 · Law / Act

California AB 979 (California Cybersecurity Integration Center: artificial intelligence)

Instructs the California Office of Emergency Services to develop a California AI Cybersecurity Collaboration Playbook by January 1, 2027, to enhance information sharing and bolster defenses against AI-related cyber threats. Requires review of federal standards and best practices, including the Joint Cyber Defense Collaborative AI Cybersecurity Collaboration Playbook, to inform California's playbook. Mandates that the playbook include mechanisms for mandatory information sharing on AI threat...

Primary legal sourceNational StrategyOfficial source · leginfo.legislature.ca.gov ↗

29 SEP 2025 · Law / Act

California Senate Bill 53

Requires large frontier developers to implement and publish frontier AI frameworks, assess catastrophic risks, and publish transparency reports; requires the Office of Emergency Services to establish reporting mechanisms for critical safety incidents and catastrophic risk assessments; establishes a consortium to develop a framework for the creation of CalCompute; creates civil penalties for violations of this chapter.

Primary legal sourceFinancial Services ·Education ·Health & Life Sciences ·+28Official source · leginfo.legislature.ca.gov ↗

13 SEP 2025 · National Strategy

California AB 1331 (Workplace Surveillance 2025)

Prohibits employers in California from using AI-enabled workplace surveillance tools in bathrooms, locker rooms, changing areas, and lactation spaces unless directed by a court order. Restricts the use of generative AI-enabled video surveillance in employee-only breakrooms and cafeterias, allowing only AI tools for photo or video correction without surveillance capacity. Mandates employers to inform workers if surveillance tools are used. Prohibits employers from requiring workers to impla...

Official materialNational StrategyOfficial source · leginfo.legislature.ca.gov ↗

12 SEP 2025 · Working Paper

California SCR 82 (Relative to Artificial Intelligence in Public Higher Education 2025)

Encourages the President of the University of California, the Chancellor of the California State University, and the Chancellor of the California Community Colleges to create a workgroup comprising faculty, staff, and administrators to evaluate the use of artificial intelligence in higher education. Directs the workgroup to discuss strategies and best practices for the acceptable use of AI, emphasizing academic honesty, ethical standards, and the mitigation of plagiarism. Advises the workgr...

Official materialNational StrategyOfficial source · leginfo.legislature.ca.gov ↗

07 SEP 2025 · Working Paper

California AB 412

Regulates GenAI developers in California by requiring them to document copyrighted materials used to train AI models, make available a mechanism for rights owners to request information regarding the use of covered materials, and respond to rights owners’ information requests within 30 days.

Official materialFinancial Services ·Education ·Health & Life Sciences ·+12Official source · leginfo.legislature.ca.gov ↗

29 AUG 2025 · Working Paper

California SB 833 (Critical infrastructure: artificial intelligence systems: human oversight)

Establishes the requirement for oversight personnel of operators deploying covered AI systems in critical infrastructure to create a human oversight mechanism by July 1, 2026. This mechanism ensures real-time monitoring and prior review of AI system actions unless deemed disruptive. Instructs the Department of Technology to develop annual specialized training focused on AI safety protocols and risk management for oversight personnel. Requires operators to conduct an annual assessment of the...

Official materialNational StrategyOfficial source · leginfo.legislature.ca.gov ↗

29 AUG 2025 · Working Paper

California AB 1405 (Artificial intelligence: auditors: enrollment)

Establishes the AI Auditors’ Enrollment Fund, administered by the Government Operations Agency, to oversee the regulation of AI auditors. Requires AI auditors to enroll with the agency, pay enrollment fees, and provide detailed information about their practices by January 1, 2027. Mandates AI auditors to adhere to widely recognized industry standards and avoid conflicts of interest, including prohibiting employment with auditees within 12 months of an audit. Obliges auditors to provide det...

Official materialNational StrategyOfficial source · leginfo.legislature.ca.gov ↗

28 JUL 2025 · Law / Act

California AB 1170, SEC. 27-28 (CCPA Amendment 2025)

Defines "personal information" broadly, including identification, biometric data, and inferred profiles, affecting AI systems processing such data. Requires businesses using AI for profiling to comply with privacy regulations, including consumer access and opt-out rights. Mandates businesses disclose AI logic and outcomes involved in decision-making processes to consumers upon request. Instructs businesses conducting AI-related research to pseudonymize, deidentify data, and use additional ...

Primary legal sourceNational StrategyOfficial source · leginfo.legislature.ca.gov ↗

01 JUL 2025 · Working Paper

California SB 53

Establishes a consortium to create "CalCompute," advancing AI in a responsible, equitable manner. Prohibits developers from retaliating against whistleblowers who disclose AI risks. Requires developers to notify employees of their rights, offering whistleblowing avenues and legal protections against retaliation.

Official materialFinancial Services ·Education ·Health & Life Sciences ·+20Official source · leginfo.legislature.ca.gov ↗

23 APR 2025 · Law / Act

Leading Ethical AI Development (LEAD) for Kids Act

Establishes the LEAD for Kids Act, mandating AI systems intended for children to assess risk levels and adhere to regulations. Forms a board to oversee compliance, issue guidelines, and ensure AI doesn't adversely impact children. Imposes penalties for noncompliance.

Primary legal sourceFinancial Services ·Education ·Health & Life Sciences ·+20Official source · leginfo.legislature.ca.gov ↗

20 FEB 2025 · Other

CA AB 1064

Establishes the LEAD for Kids Act, prohibiting companion chatbots from causing psychological harm to children. Requires operators to ensure safety guardrails to prevent self-harm encouragement, unsolicited mental health therapy, illegal activity, or explicit content. Allows Attorney General and individuals to seek penalties for violations.

Official materialFinancial Services ·Education ·Health & Life Sciences ·+8Official source · leginfo.legislature.ca.gov ↗

14 FEB 2025 · Working Paper

California SB 384 (Preventing Algorithmic Price Fixing Act: Prohibition on Certain Price-Setting Algorithm Uses 2025)

Prohibits individuals from selling, licensing, providing, or using a price-setting algorithm intended for use by competitors in the same market if nonpublic input data is used to set prices, supply levels, rents, or occupancy levels. Permits an affirmative defense for users who show reasonable due diligence, such as obtaining written assurances that the algorithm does not process nonpublic input data. Specifies that each user and each month of a violating algorithm's use constitutes a separ...

Official materialNational StrategyOfficial source · leginfo.legislature.ca.gov ↗

04 FEB 2025 · Working Paper

California AB 410 (Bots: Disclosure 2025)

Defines "artificial intelligence" as machine-based systems that infer inputs to produce outputs affecting environments. Prohibits using bots to mislead individuals about their artificial identity for deception in commercial transactions or elections, unless bot identity disclosure occurs. Requires bots to disclose their identity upon first interaction and answer truthfully about their identity. Mandates clear and conspicuous bot identity disclosure. Exempts users from compliance if other ...

Official materialNational StrategyOfficial source · leginfo.legislature.ca.gov ↗

13 JAN 2025 · Law / Act

Legal Advisory on the Application of Existing California Law to Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare (California Attorney General)

Provides guidance on how California’s consumer protection, civil rights, competition, and data privacy laws apply to AI use in healthcare; explains California law regarding the use of AI to override doctors’ decisions, discriminate, or infringe on patient privacy.

Primary legal sourceFinancial Services ·Education ·Health & Life Sciences ·+26Official source · oag.ca.gov ↗

01 JAN 2025 · Law / Act

California Attorney General’s Legal Advisory on the Application of Existing California Laws to Artificial Intelligence

Guides AI developers and users in California on compliance with existing laws governing consumer protections, data protections, civil rights protections, competition laws, and new AI-specific laws.

Primary legal sourceFinancial Services ·Education ·Health & Life Sciences ·+32Official source · oag.ca.gov ↗

30 NOV 2024 · Law / Act

California ACR 96 Relative to the 23 Asilomar AI Principles 2023

Expresses support by the California Legislature for the Asilomar AI Principles to guide the development of artificial intelligence and related public policy. Supports creating AI with beneficial intelligence, ensuring robust systems that align with human values. Encourages collaboration between AI researchers and policymakers and cooperation among AI developers to maintain safety standards. Emphasizes AI safety, transparency in system failures and judicial use, and designer responsibility ...

Primary legal sourceNational StrategyOfficial source · leginfo.legislature.ca.gov ↗

30 NOV 2024 · National Strategy

California SB 892 (Public contracts: automated decision systems: procurement standards)

Enacts a requirement for the California Department of Technology to develop and adopt regulations for an Automated Decision System (ADS) procurement standard. Defines "AI" and "ADS" with exemptions for non-ADS software like spam filters. Requires consideration of existing frameworks such as the AI Bill of Rights and NIST guidelines. Specifies the standard must include risk assessments, risk controls, monitoring procedures, prohibition of certain ADS uses, equity assessments, data minimizat...

Official materialNational StrategyOfficial source · leginfo.legislature.ca.gov ↗

30 NOV 2024 · National Strategy

California AB 3211 (Digital Content Provenance Standards)

Requires generative AI providers to apply provenance data to synthetic content that is difficult to remove or disassociate. Instructs providers to create or allow access to provenance detection tools for determining whether content was created or altered by AI. Mandates adversarial testing of provenance data methods and submission of reports to the Department of Technology. Prohibits entities from providing tools designed to remove provenance data deceptively. Obligates recording devices...

Official materialNational StrategyOfficial source · leginfo.legislature.ca.gov ↗

30 SEP 2024 · Law / Act

California Senate Bill 1381 (2024)

Expands legal prohibitions to include child pornography generated or altered by artificial intelligence. Subjects such AI-generated content to penalties. Allows forfeiture and destruction of such content without a criminal conviction. Becomes operative with AB 1831 enactment.

Primary legal sourceFinancial Services ·Education ·Health & Life Sciences ·+10Official source · leginfo.legislature.ca.gov ↗

30 SEP 2024 · Law / Act

California Assembly Bill 2876 (2024)

Require the California Instructional Quality Commission to incorporate AI literacy in curriculum frameworks for mathematics, science, and history-social science and consider AI literacy in its criteria for evaluating instructional materials when they are next adopted by the state board after January 1, 2025.

Primary legal sourceFinancial Services ·Education ·Health & Life Sciences ·+3Official source · leginfo.legislature.ca.gov ↗

30 SEP 2024 · Law / Act

California Senate Bill 1288 (2024)

Requires the Superintendent to convene a working group to develop guidance and a model policy on AI's safe use in education by 2026. Mandates reporting findings by 2027 and repeals provisions by 2031.

Primary legal sourceFinancial Services ·Education ·Health & Life Sciences ·+24Official source · leginfo.legislature.ca.gov ↗

30 SEP 2024 · Law / Act

California Senate Bill 1120 (2024)

Requires health care service plans and disability insurers using AI for utilization review to ensure compliance with clinical criteria, non-discrimination, transparency, and auditability. Prohibits AI from replacing provider decision-making or denying services based on medical necessity.

Primary legal sourceFinancial Services ·Education ·Health & Life Sciences ·+24Official source · leginfo.legislature.ca.gov ↗

30 SEP 2024 · Law / Act

Safe and Secure Innovation for Frontier Artificial Intelligence Models Act (SB 1047)

Requires developers of frontier AI models to implement comprehensive safety and security protocols and detailed risk assessments. Requires annual audits, mandates incident reporting within 72 hours, creates a regulatory board and introduces plans for a public cloud computing cluster called CalCompute.

Primary legal sourceFinancial Services ·Education ·Health & Life Sciences ·+40Official source · leginfo.legislature.ca.gov ↗