New Jersey

Amtrust North America o/b/o Justin McGinness v. Liberty Mutual Insurance Company

Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited this non-existent Appellate Division case to support the carrier's right to subrogation against UIM benefits; court found it does not appear in the NJ Superior Court Reports. || Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited this nonexistent Law Division decision (and purported affirmance) to support subrogation; court found no record of the case in NJ reports. || Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited this purported 2006 Appellate Division case; court determined the cited authority does not exist in the NJ Superior Court Reports. || Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited this alleged 1971 Law Division decision and its purported affirmance; court found no such opinions in the NJ Superior Court Reports.

Baker v. Rastelli Foods LLC

Fabricated: Case Law | Multiple cases cited by plaintiffs were so inaccurately cited that the Court was unable to locate them and questioned whether they exist. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiffs used a quotation that does not appear in the cited case (false quotation noted by the Court).

Shaquan Pridgen v. Amazon.com Services LLC

Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a non-existent case 'Lewis v. City of Trenton, 2020 WL 6204330'; the Court determined the citation does not exist, admonished the plaintiff, and warned against hallucinated citations (including those from generative AI).

Lawand Hill v. Sloppy Vinyl, LLC, et al.

False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Duff v. Trenton Beverage Co., 73 A.2d 578 (1950) for the proposition that a contract 'never becomes binding' if a condition precedent is not completed; the court found the quoted language does not appear in Duff. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Mazziotti v. Allstate Ins. Co., 240 N.J. Super. 173, 180 (App. Div. 1990) to support a New Jersey-law proposition; the court found this citation to be incorrect (actual reported Mazziotti is 695 A.2d 1010 (Conn. 1997)) and the quoted language does not appear in the Connecticut case. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Jordan v. Fox, Rothschild, O’Brien & Frankel, 20 F.3d 1250 (3d Cir. 1994) for the proposition that a district court 'may not consider matters extraneous to the pleadings' on a motion to dismiss; the court found that quoted language does not appear in Jordan.

Azad Alamgir Kabir v. WebMD

Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a non-existent case (Fairfield Indus. v. EP Energy); the court identified it as a hallucinated citation, treated it as invalid, and warned of possible sanctions for such citations.

United States v. Juliet Payseur and 20-22 McGregor Avenue, LLC

Misrepresented: Case Law | Doyle cited Vazquez v. Triad Media Solutions, 2016 WL 155044, at *2 as applying Twombly/Iqbal to affirmative defenses; the court could not locate an opinion supporting that proposition and found the citation mischaracterized. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Doyle cited Herman & MacLean v. Huddleston, 459 U.S. 375, 388 (1983) for an incorrect proposition about punitive damages under the FHA; the court noted Herman & MacLean is a securities case and was misapplied. || Fabricated: Case Law | The motion contained numerous citations that could not be verified or did not support the propositions for which they were cited; the court described these as hallucinatory or fabricated citations and warned the litigant.

New Jersey S 1802

New Jersey legislation addressing AI systems with obligations for deployers, developers, and distributors. This legislation has been signed into law.

Eric Hildebrandt v. siParadigm LLC et al.

Fabricated: Case Law | Supplemental Filing contained forty-three identified instances of fabricated citations or case law; Court declined to consider the filing and treated those propositions as unsupported. || Fabricated: Case Law | Consolidated Complaint was 'replete with citations to irrelevant, and sometimes fabricated, case law' across many paragraphs; Court refused to credit those citations. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Defendants noted several incorrect/inaccurate citations in the Consolidated Complaint, including two cases cited over fifty times that did not support Plaintiffs' propositions; counsel's errata did not cure these inaccuracies. || False Quotes: Exhibits & Submissions | Plaintiffs' Opposition contained AI drafting artifacts and unchecked inserted text (e.g., 'Let me know when you’d like to proceed to the next section: Count Eight . . .'), evidencing unverified AI-generated material and potential false quotations in submissions.

Cesareo v. Port Authority of New York and New Jersey

Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a Ninth Circuit opinion 'Doe v. Bogan, 93 F.3d 544, 551 (9th Cir. 1996),' which the Court was unable to locate and concluded does not appear to exist as cited. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed language to Int'l Bhd. of Teamsters, Loc. No. 310, 587 F.2d 1176, 1182 (D.C. Cir. 1978) that the Court could not locate in the opinion (misquoted/attributed language). || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Welling v. Alexy, 155 F.R.D. 654, 657 (N.D. Cal. 1994) for a proposition about irreparable psychological/reputational harm, but the Court was unable to locate that language in the opinion (misquoted).

Fantini v. WestRock Services, LLC

Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a case that the Court could not locate; the Court determined 'Pruco Life Ins. Co. of New Jersey v. Carrasco, 2022 WL 1210718 (D.N.J. Apr. 25, 2025)' does not appear to exist and flagged this as non-existent authority.

Liza Gardner v. Sean Combs, et al.

Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited a non-existent case 'United States v. Masha' generated by AI and relied on propositions attributed to it; court confirmed the case does not exist and counsel admitted AI produced the citation and he failed to verify.

Gutierrez v. Lorenzo Food Group, Inc.

Isaacs v. Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation

Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited a non-existent case in a filing; the Court could not locate it and counsel admitted it was provided by the client via ChatGPT. || Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited a non-existent case in a filing; the Court could not locate it and counsel admitted it was provided by the client via ChatGPT.

Richard M. Zelma v. Wonder Group Inc.

False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed a purported quotation about verification messages to Van Patten that the Court found does not exist. || False Quotes: Case Law | Multiple other purported direct quotations from real cases in the Opposition did not match the source material and were identified as inaccurate by the Court. || Fabricated: Case Law | The Opposition cited cases that, to the Court's knowledge, do not appear to exist (fabricated case citations).

Kertesz v. Colony Tire Corp et al.

Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's counsel filed a Notice of Errata acknowledging 'erroneous citation ... errors' in four briefs caused by the attorney's use of AI; the Court treated arguments supported by incorrect or made-up citations as unsupported and declined to consider the amended briefs on those points. || False Quotes: Case Law | Attorney's use of AI produced incorrect quotations and citation errors in submitted briefs; the Court noted these false quotations/citations and cautioned counsel that such misrepresentations violate professional conduct rules and risk sanctions.

Alexander Shaporov v. PIPPD P.O. Matthew Levine, et al.

False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed a quoted sentence to Camiolo (3d Cir.) that does not appear there; the language instead appeared in Frohner quoting Mounts (7th Cir.). || Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff quoted language as if from Gilles (3d Cir.), but the passage was a parenthetical quotation of a Seventh Circuit case (Kijonka). || Fabricated: Case Law | Incorrect case number, Westlaw citation, and decision date for Manitta; Plaintiff's brief listed a non-matching citation. || Fabricated: Case Law | Piazza citation in brief used a Westlaw cite and pincite that do not exist / are incorrect (wrong Westlaw number and wrong page). || Fabricated: Case Law | Ianuale citation in brief contained a wrong Westlaw citation and incorrect pincite (non-matching Westlaw number and page). || Misrepresented: Case Law | Citation to State v. Gandhi was used to support a specific statutory interpretation the case does not address; Gandhi was cited only for a general canon of statutory interpretation.

OTG New York, Inc. v. Ottogi America, Inc.

Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited a case that could not be verified at all and appears to be entirely fabricated; counsel admitted the citation could not be verified. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Counsel cited a case that addressed an irrelevant topic and thus did not support the proposition asserted (mischaracterized authority). || False Quotes: Case Law | Counsel attributed quotations to cited opinions that the opinions did not contain (false quotations/misattribution).

Fagan v. Barnhiser, Nanologix, et al.

Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited this opinion to support reconsideration; the Court could not locate any opinion by this caption or citation and found the citation apparently nonexistent; Plaintiff withdrew reliance. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited this opinion; the Court found no Delaware Chancery opinion at the cited Westlaw citation, located related Puda Coal opinions in SDNY under a different caption/date, and treated the cited Del. Ch. citation as inaccurate/nonexistent; Plaintiff withdrew reliance.

Clonan v. Centrastate Healthcare system

False Quotes: Case Law || False Quotes: Case Law || False Quotes: Case Law

Guidance on Algorithmic Discrimination and the New Jersey Law Against Discrimination

Prohibits algorithmic discrimination under New Jersey's Law Against Discrimination (LAD) by covered entities. Holds entities liable for discriminatory outcomes from automated tools. Addresses disparate treatment, disparate impact, and failure to provide reasonable accommodations related to AI use.

New Jersey Senate Bill 3432

Establishes the "Next New Jersey Program Act" promoting AI development by granting tax credits to eligible AI businesses. Requires capital investments in AI facilities, job creation, and collaboration with NJ-based institutions. Mandates compliance with sustainability standards, prevailing wages, and regulatory requirements. Limits apply to tax credit value and duration.

New Jersey Assembly Resolution 141 (2024)

Urges AI platforms to voluntarily prevent and remove deepfake and cheapfake content. Requires transmission of this resolution to AI company CEOs in New Jersey. Highlights harmful impacts of altered media and suggests responsible AI use offers societal benefits.

New Jersey SB 3876

Establishes an Artificial Intelligence Officer and Implementation Officer to oversee AI systems in New Jersey's state agencies. Mandates development of procedures for using AI in critical decisions, ensuring compliance with national standards, and mitigating risks. Creates an AI Advisory Board for oversight and recommendations.

New Jersey Bill A537

Requires automobile insurers using artificial intelligence or other automated underwriting systems to annually submit documentation to New Jersey’s Department of Banking and Insurance proving their pricing practices are nondiscriminatory and balanced across policyholders. Authorizes the Commissioner to issue rules to enforce compliance.

New Jersey Executive Order No. 346

Establishes an Artificial Intelligence Task Force to study AI technologies, assess societal impacts, and recommend government actions for ethical use. Involves Executive Branch officials, allows public and expert consultation, and requires a report to the Governor within 12 months.

An Act concerning the use of automated tools to assist with hiring decisions and supplementing Title 34 of the Revised Statutes.

Mandates automated decision tools sold in New Jersey to undergo a bias audit before sale, offer annual free audits, and disclose these requirements; it also requires users of these tools to notify screened candidates within 30 days. Imposes civil penalties (fines) for violations.

An Act concerning discrimination and automated decision systems and supplementing P.L.1945, c.169 (C.10:5-1 et seq.).

Prohibits financial lenders, insurance companies and healthcare providers from using automated decision systems to discriminate against protected classes in providing services.

New Jersey S 2723

Authorizes the Chief Technology Officer to evaluate AI, machine learning, and cloud services use by state agencies for public services. Requires agencies to submit IT modernization plans leveraging data analytics and enhancing digital services, ensuring mobile-friendly and accessible websites.

An Act requiring the Commissioner of Labor and Workforce Development to conduct a study and issue a report on the impact of artificial intelligence on the growth of the State's economy.

Requires the New Jersey Commissioner of Labor and Workforce Development to conduct a study and issue a report on the impact of AI on the growth of the State’s economy.

New Jersey (2019) Assembly Joint Resolution 164

Establishes the "New Jersey Advanced Autonomous Vehicle Task Force" to study and recommend integration laws for advanced autonomous vehicles. Requires issuing a report evaluating existing laws, suggesting pilot programs, and recommending safe integration on public roads within 180 days after its initial meeting.