Utah

Nicholas and Barbara Moulder v. Davis School District (on behalf of M.M.)

Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiffs' briefing cited a non-existent case as legal authority; court found the case did not exist and counsel admitted failing to verify after using AI. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiffs' briefing cited a second non-existent case as legal authority; court determined it was fabricated and counsel accepted responsibility for not verifying. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiffs' briefing included a non-existent quotation attributed to authority; court determined the quote did not exist and was not verified by counsel after use of AI.

Prisbrey v. Prisbrey

Fabricated: Case Law | Appellate brief included multiple incorrect or nonexistent Utah case citations; the court found four of six cited authorities incorrect and said some citations "appear to be made out of whole cloth." || Misrepresented: Case Law | Argument section contained several incorrect citations (wrong case names, unrelated authority, incorrect paragraph cites); only one of seven citations in that section was correct according to the court.

Regan Wilkes, et al. v. Canyons School District, et al.

Fabricated: Case Law | Amended Complaint cited a non-existent 'F.C. v. Capistrano Unified School District' (purported 9th Cir.) to support tolling of IDEA's two-year statute; court identified it as a fabricated, AI-generated citation that undermined the pleading. || Fabricated: Case Law | Amended Complaint cited a non-existent 'A.D. v. Puyallup School District No. 3, 2015' (purported 4th Cir.) to support statute-of-limitations arguments; court found it fabricated. || Fabricated: Case Law | Amended Complaint cited a non-existent 'A.S. v. Norwalk Public Schools (2017)' (purported 6th Cir.) in support of tolling/limitations arguments; court identified it as another fabricated citation. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Amended Complaint misstates the facts and holding of the real case J.M. v. Francis Howell School District; court found the asserted holding inaccurate and relied on this misrepresentation in support of the Sixth Cause.

Utah HB 414 (Autonomous Vehicle Amendments 2020)

Prohibits driverless vehicles in an on-demand autonomous network from transporting unaccompanied minors under eight or requiring child restraint. Requires parental waiver, emergency contacts, safety compliance, and video monitoring, retaining data for investigations and ensuring safe receipt by an adult.

Ryan Lee v. Capital One Bank et al.

2026 Chatbot Legislation — Utah HB 452 [URL: https://le.utah.gov/~2025/bills/static/HB0452.html]

2026 chatbot legislation — Signed by Governor

2026 Chatbot Legislation — Utah HB 438 [URL: https://le.utah.gov/~2026/bills/static/HB0438.html]

2026 chatbot legislation requiring restricts advertising in chatbot — Inactive

Utah SB 149

Utah legislation addressing AI systems with obligations for deployers, developers, and distributors. This legislation has been signed into law.

Utah HB 286

Utah legislation addressing AI systems with obligations for deployers, developers, and distributors. This legislation has been signed into law.

Black Oak Capital BOCA, LLC v. Paul Evans, LLC, et al.

Fabricated: Case Law | Opposition cited Rawson v. Mathews, 212 P.3d 752, 756–57 (Utah 2009) to support equitable tolling; court determined the opinion does not exist and called it a hallucinated case. || Fabricated: Case Law | Opposition cited Equilon Enters. v. Ford Motor Co., 2010 UT 44, ¶ 37 for equitable tolling; court found the opinion does not exist and treated it as a fabricated citation. || False Quotes: Case Law | Opposition attributed language to Agency Holding Corp. v. Malley-Duff & Assocs., 483 U.S. 143 (1987) that does not appear in the opinion; court treated this as a false quotation/misattribution.

Ross Logan v. LVNV Funding et al.

Khoury et al v. Intermountain Health Care Inc. et al

Fabricated: Exhibits & Submissions || Fabricated: Case Law

Utah HB 168 (Artificial Intelligence in Education 2025)

Establishes the Artificial Intelligence in Education Task Force in Utah to study and make recommendations on AI policies, implementations, data security, and beneficial uses in education. Requires the task force to consist of appointed members, including legislators, education officials, a privacy officer, and an AI industry expert. Charges the task force with tasks such as monitoring AI trends, identifying best practices, and exploring collaborations between education and the AI industry. ...

Utah SB 226 (Artificial Intelligence Consumer Protection Amendments 2025)

Requires disclosures when generative AI is used in consumer transactions and regulated services. Establishes liability for AI-related consumer protection violations. Grants enforcement authority to the Division of Consumer Protection. Provides a safe harbor for certain AI disclosures.

Utah S.B. 332 (Artificial Intelligence Revisions)

Repeals Title 13, Chapter 72, Artificial Intelligence Policy Act, on July 1, 2027. Sets the bill to take effect on May 7, 2025, unless approved by two-thirds of all members elected to each house, in which case it takes effect upon the governor's approval, without the governor's signature after the constitutional time limit, or upon a veto override.

Utah S.B. 180 (Law Enforcement Usage of Artificial Intelligence)

Define "artificial intelligence" as a machine-based system that makes predictions, recommendations, or decisions based on human-defined objectives. Define "generative artificial intelligence" as AI technology capable of creating content like text, audio, images, or video from data patterns. Require law enforcement agencies to establish a policy for using generative AI by their employees. Mandate that this policy includes the identification of permissible generative AI technologies and task...

Utah HB 452 (Artificial Intelligence Amendments 2025)

Regulates mental health chatbots using AI by prohibiting unauthorized data sharing, restricting advertising, and mandating transparency about AI use. Empowers the Division of Consumer Protection for enforcement. Requires suppliers to adhere to privacy and safety regulations.

Utah S.B. 271 (Unauthorized Artificial Intelligence Impersonation Amendments)

Defines "generative artificial intelligence" as AI systems trained on data to simulate human conversation through text, audio, or visual communication without significant human oversight. Prohibits the unauthorized use or modification of an individual’s "personal identity" through generative AI or other means for commercial purposes without consent. Permits an individual to bring legal action if their personal identity is abused in advertisements, with entitlements to injunctive relief, dam...

Utah Senate Bill 131 Information Technology Act Amendments (2024)

Requires disclosures for synthetic media in political communications, including AI-generated content labels and tamper-evident digital provenance. Imposes penalties for violations. Considers AI use in crimes as an aggravating sentencing factor. Effective May 1, 2024; sentencing provisions effective July 1, 2024.

Utah Artificial Intelligence Policy Act (HB 317)

Utah enacted House Bill 317, becoming one of the first states to establish a comprehensive AI governance framework that requires companies using generative AI in consumer interactions to disclose that AI is being used. The law prohibits AI from impersonating a licensed professional without disclosure and creates liability for AI systems that deceive consumers. It also established the Office of Artificial Intelligence Policy within the state's Department of Commerce to coordinate AI governance, provide regulatory sandboxes for AI innovation, and advise the legislature on AI policy.

Utah House Bill 249 (Utah Legal Personhood Amendments)

Prohibits governmental entities in Utah from granting or recognizing legal personhood for artificial intelligence and other non-human entities. Enacts restrictions effective May 1, 2024, reinforcing the exclusive legal personhood of human beings.

Utah House Bill 534

Amends the law to oversee a deep technology initiative, including funding expanded educational programs in areas like artificial intelligence. Requires collaboration with employers and evaluation by an advisory council. Mandates institutions report annually on program outcomes and funding effectiveness.

Utah HB 464 (Social Media Amendments)

Enacts new provisions governing minors' use of algorithmically curated social media services. Allows Utah minors or their parents to sue social media companies if minors suffer adverse mental health outcomes from excessive use of such services. Defines "adverse mental health outcome" and "excessive use," setting presumption rules that favor establishing causation by social media design elements unless companies prove compliance with specific usage restrictions. Requires social media compan...

Utah Senate Bill 149, Chapter 70

Establishes the Office of Artificial Intelligence Policy to oversee AI development. Creates an AI Learning Laboratory for research and regulatory evaluation. Permits regulatory mitigation agreements for AI testing. Criminalizes offenses committed with AI aid. Repeals the Act on May 1, 2025.

Utah Senate Bill 149, Section 13-2-12

Prohibits using generative AI as a defense for consumer protection violations. Requires disclosure of AI interactions in regulated occupations. Imposes fines up to $2,500 per violation. Authorizes courts to issue injunctions, order disgorgements, and impose additional penalties.

Utah Senate Bill 84, Part 13

Creates the Innovation in Artificial Intelligence Grant Pilot Program to fund business entities developing AI courses for K-12 students. Requires partnerships with schools, application evaluations, and written agreements. Permits rulemaking and mandates annual reporting on the program's progress.

Utah House Bill 148

Amends Utah law to define and penalize the distribution of intimate and counterfeit intimate images, including AI-generated content. Establishes offenses for sexual extortion and unlawful distribution of such images, with exemptions for certain service providers. Effective May 1, 2024.

Utah H.B. 366 (Criminal Justice Amendments 2024, Section 9–15)

Prohibits reliance solely on algorithms or risk assessment tool scores in determining pretrial release, sentencing, probation conditions, probation termination, and granting or terminating parole (Sections 77-2-5, 77-18-103, 77-18-105, 77-27-5, 77-20-205). Requires magistrates and judges to rely on other forms of evidence and consider various factors beyond algorithmic scores when making pretrial release decisions (Sections 77-20-205). Instructs the Administrative Office of the Courts to su...

Utah S.B. 166 (Aviation Amendments, Section 5–6, Advanced air mobility system and preemption of local ordinance)

Define "advanced air mobility system" to include piloted and unpiloted aircraft with components such as communications, navigation equipment, controllers, and autonomous functions. Specify that "unmanned aircraft" sustain flight without direct human intervention and "unmanned aircraft system" encompasses the entire operational system including autopilot functionality. Prohibit political subdivisions from enacting laws governing private use of unmanned aircraft or advanced air mobility syste...

Utah HB 31 (Unaccompanied Minors in Autonomous Vehicles)

Establishes the Autonomous Vehicles and Unaccompanied Minors Workgroup in Utah. Comprises various representatives, including government officials and industry members. Chairs the workgroup by appointed members of the House of Representatives and the Senate. Requires the workgroup to review issues related to on-demand autonomous vehicle networks and unaccompanied minors. Requires a large public transit district to provide staff support. Mandates that the workgroup present annual reports a...

Utah SB 34 (Governmental Use of Facial Recognition Technology)

Regulates government use of facial recognition technology by prohibiting its use on image databases, except under specific circumstances. Permits only law enforcement agencies to request facial recognition comparisons for investigating felonies, violent crimes, or identifying incapacitated or at-risk individuals. Prohibits the use of facial recognition systems for civil immigration violations. Designates the Department of Public Safety as the only entity authorized to use or manage facial ...

Utah SB 96 (Emerging Technology Talent Initiative 2020)

Enacts a Deep Technology Initiative in Utah to promote education and workforce development in emerging technologies, including artificial intelligence. Requires the State Board of Regents to develop and oversee a deep technology talent initiative with funding to expand relevant educational programs. Directs institutions of higher education to submit proposals for deep technology programs in partnership with employers, detailing program structure, participation, and funding needs. Tasks the...

Utah SB 96

Establishes a Deep Technology Talent Initiative to fund programs incorporating AI, among other technologies, in education. Instructs the board to collaborate with institutions and employers, and the advisory council to recommend funding, focusing on meeting workforce needs and integrating disciplinary expertise.